
Social Media Copilot: a hobby-built scraping extension that gathered 40k users over two years, was delisted, then climbed back to 10k from 0
What it is A Chrome extension for China-based operators. A few clicks on Xiaohongshu, Douyin, Kuaishou, Bilibili or TikTok web pages exports notes, videos, comments and creator info to Excel or Feishu sheets. Free, with a VIP tier at ¥12–29/month.
Why it took off It never went viral. It cold-started at the end of 2024 on V2EX and as open source on GitHub. Over two years, more than sixty versions kept pace with platform anti-scraping changes, more platforms were added, and Feishu sync was built in. Users grew steadily from under a thousand to 40k. When the old listing was delisted, the new listing's 10k came from existing users migrating over.
CHow you could follow Don't build a second all-platform scraper. Instead, go after platforms it doesn't cover or covers shallowly (Weibo, WeChat Channels, WeChat Official Accounts), or sell downstream: ready-made creator databases and competitor monitoring sheets. Copy its acquisition playbook: open-source v0, post in developer communities, and let the free tier's users write their own tutorials.
10,000 users · rating 5.0 (41)
Social Media Copilot is a Chrome extension that batch-scrapes posts, comments and creator data from Xiaohongshu, Douyin, Kuaishou, Bilibili and TikTok pages, then exports to Excel or syncs straight into Feishu Bitable. In the store it looks like a new product that hit 10k users in three months, but it's actually an old open-source extension that started 2024 years ago. The old listing reached 40k users, then vanished from the store, and the author published a new listing and brought the old users back. Below: how it grew, where the money comes from, who's competing, and whether you should follow it.
A Monday-night post on V2EX
On Dec 2024 2 evening, in V2EX's "Share Your Creations" thread, a user named AndyZh posted: "Wrote a Chrome extension in my spare time that collects data and materials from social platforms like Douyin and Xiaohongshu. Open source." The post was brief: it only supports Xiaohongshu and Douyin, exports watermark-free images and videos, batch-exports comments, and batch-exports all notes from a given author. It works by injecting scripts into the page and calling the platforms' own APIs. The closing line warns, "The extension has no rate limits, so heavy scraping can easily get accounts banned. Please control your frequency," adding "Solo development means limited bandwidth, so updates are slow."
The post got 33 replies (checked on V2EX, 11-06). Some said "Exactly what I needed, thanks," others reported "Xhs comment export keeps failing" and "Douyin video download errors," and the author replied to each. The most interesting one: someone posted a screenshot saying they couldn't install it. The author replied: "I did something dumb. I tried to cancel the review, and it canceled the publish instead. For now Chrome only allows installing the crx from GitHub, dragged in manually. 😭"
At that point it had 976 users and 8 ratings in the Chrome store (from web archives, 2024-12-03).
Then came a fairly flat growth curve
It didn't break out. It built up gradually:
| Timeline | store users | Score | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-12 | About 1,000 | 11 | 0.0.7 |
| 2026-01 | 20k | 66 (4.9 points) | 3.1.0 |
| 2026-04 | 30k | 97 (4.8 points) | 3.1.3 |
| 2026-06-19 | 40k | 119 | 3.3.2 |
| 2026-08 | Old listing stops loading | – | – |
| 2026-11-06 | New listing 10k | 41 (5.0 points) | 3.6.2 |
Source: web archives of the old listing. The new listing is from the Chrome store; from 11-01 to 11-06 it stayed at 10k users and 41 ratings, with no change.
2026 Jul 22: the update log mentions "launching the new offline installer"; Jul 27: developer xisence published the current listing; by late August, the old listing had only a generic "Chrome Web Store" title left. Why the delisting wasn't caught is unclear: either Google took action or the author moved on purpose, and the outside view can't tell which. But the timeline fits "old listing got into trouble, so the new one was set up" (inference). The 10k from this new listing over the last three months came mainly from users redirected by the website and open-source README, not from new acquisition.
Also, the store numbers understate the reach. The official site itself says "The Chrome Web Store is usually not directly accessible from mainland China." Download pages and help docs push people to install the offline package. Those users don't show up in store stats, and nobody knows how many there are.
What it is, and why people stay
In one line: China-based operators click a few times in their browser and get a batch of notes, videos, comments and creator info as a spreadsheet.
It survives among many downloaders thanks to three things:
First, it keeps getting fixed. From v0.0.1 (2024-09) to v3.6.2 (2026-11-04), the changelog has over sixty versions, most of them "fixed a Xiaohongshu / Douyin feature." The latest versions read "optimized Douyin scraping retry and risk-control prompts" and "improved RPA scraping stability." That's the whole game for this kind of tool: when a platform redesigns, it breaks, and users stick with whoever keeps repairing it.
Second, more platforms, and it plugs into ad-buying back-ends. It started with only Xiaohongshu and Douyin, then added Kuaishou, Bilibili and TikTok, plus creator scraping and bulk outreach for Xingtu (Douyin creator ads) and Pugongying (Xiaohongshu creator ads). The latter is a workflow brands and MCNs actually pay for.
Third, data goes to Feishu sheets. In August 2025, v2.0 added Feishu Bitable sync, with append, merge-update and overwrite modes. Combined with scheduled scraping, the extension went from a "downloader" to a pipe that maintains content and creator databases. After v2.0, the old listing grew from about 10k to 40k (correlated in time, causation not verified). Overseas similar extensions don't do Feishu, and few Chinese small extensions do it well.
The website touts "runs locally" as a selling point: it scrapes "pages you can see" using your own account in your own browser, so you don't hand over account credentials. When risk controls kick in, you can fall back from "API mode" to "RPA mode," which simulates a person clicking and refreshing.
Where the money comes from
Basic features are free, no sign-up. VIP is ¥12–15/month per platform, or ¥29/month for all platforms (socialext.com/pricing, 11-06). The difference lies in multi-account, RPA mode, unlimited Feishu sync and resumable scraping: limits that "only heavy users hit."
Before there was a payment system, the author tested with "sponsorship × 5 = VIP days." On the sponsor page: 69 individuals, ¥2,169 in total, ¥31 per person on average, mostly ¥8.88 and ¥18.88. The comments show who the users are: "So good, and free, great job," "Brother, you have to keep going!" "Thanks! Please keep updating, I'd pay for a paid version too," "Great tool, I run a self-media account called AI Geng, I'll help promote it," and one person who sponsored ¥188.88 wrote, "Good, support it. Feels like I missed an opportunity, brother."
How many people buy VIP now isn't public. At ¥29/month and a base of tens of thousands of users, this is a small business that could support one or two people, not a big one (inference).
There's also a counter-signal that the demand is real: the official site has a dedicated "third-party paid download notice," saying people are charging for installers of this free extension through Baidu search ads and trading platforms.
Where users come from
- GitHub open source plus V2EX, confirmed. The open-source repo social-media-copilot now has about 1,400 stars and 229 forks. The first batch of nearly a thousand users came from that V2EX post. The open-source version stayed up, and its description, "full-featured version," points to the new store listing, funneling people toward the paid version.
- Word of mouth, small scale. The WeChat Official Account "Light Up Your Full-Stack Skill Tree" wrote a tutorial, and Smzdm (what's worth buying) reposted it 2026-04-26 times. On Xiaohongshu there are notes like "Social Media Copilot: a Douyin and XHS data-scraping godsend!" (36 likes) and "0 basics! Social Media Copilot install and full scraping walkthrough," with likes in the dozens. A bunch of AI tool directory sites list it. Nothing on X, no media coverage.
- Store search (inference). The title is literally "Douyin, Xiaohongshu data scraping tool," so it catches searches for those terms.
- No trace of it running ads was found.
Who it's competing with
This space is crowded, but most players only took one small slice of it.
| Competitors | Format / scale | Difference from Social Media Copilot |
|---|---|---|
| MediaCrawler | Open-source Python scraper, about 70k GitHub stars | Requires writing code and running command lines; Social Media Copilot is aimed at operators who don't code |
| Chanmama, Xinhong, Qiangua, Feigua | Web-data SaaS, annual fees from several thousand to tens of thousands of yuan (not verified one by one) | Cloud dashboards, expensive. Social helpers only scrape pages you can see yourself, ¥29/mo |
| Octoparse, ShadowBot RPA | General-purpose RPA | Can scrape anything, but you build the workflows yourself |
| Ariadou, Douyin video downloader, Xiaodigua / Xiaohongshu tools, etc. | Chrome, 5K to 30K users | Covers one platform only, mostly downloads media, doesn't extract structured data |
| MeiXun Assistant | Chrome / Edge, about 1K users | Nearly identical feature list (including Feishu sync), one order of magnitude smaller |
| SocialShrimp MediaClaw | Chrome, listed in 2026-03, 1K users | Focused on AI breakdowns of viral posts and topic ideas, scraping is just one piece |
| Small plugins like "Xiaohongshu scraping to Feishu" | Chrome, 2025–2026, dozens to hundreds of users | Single platform, few iterations |
| KOLSprite, TTGET, etc. | Chrome, hundreds to 100K users | Only TikTok / Instagram, aimed at overseas markets |
Scale comes from the Chrome store and GitHub, around 11-06.
Verdict: the one that does multi-platform + structured data + Feishu + creator-deal backend all at once is the biggest. But that moat was built by fixing things every week for two years. It's not a single idea.
Its biggest risk
It sits in the gap between platform anti-scraping and Chrome Web Store review. The old listing with 40K users disappeared overnight. The author's response: offline installers, and split-out "open-source edition" (about 570 users) and "Douyin & Xingtu edition" (about 132 users) listings to spread the risk (third-party plugin sites data). That setup itself shows the author knows the next takedown could come at any time.
If it were you
One-line take: The demand is real and people will pay, but this is a small business that only survives if you keep fixing anti-scraping for two years. The top spot is already held, so following it isn't worth much. The better thing to learn is its playbook.
Who it suits: One or two people already building domestic ops / MCN tools, who know each platform's interfaces and are willing to maintain it long-term; or someone who only targets the one platform that social helpers handle poorly.
Who it doesn't suit: Anyone wanting a quick win from a single idea; anyone who can't handle the store delisting them or platforms changing without warning; anyone hoping to make big money from it. At ¥29/mo the ceiling is low.
How to approach it: Don't build a second all-platform scraper. What's worth trying is where it doesn't cover or does shallow work: Weibo, WeChat Channels, WeChat Official Accounts (sponsor comments already ask for Weibo). Or move one step downstream: scraping is just the entry point, and what you sell is the creator database / competitor monitoring sheet itself, e.g. a daily auto-updated creator table for one category. An overseas version is also possible: the same "scrape TikTok / Instagram / YouTube into Google Sheets / Airtable / Notion", but KOLSprite already occupies that, so research the competitors first.
How to get users: copy it. Open-source a working v0 first, post on V2EX, Juejin, and GitHub. Ship a free, no-signup base version and let the ops folks write tutorials on Xiaohongshu (RedNote). Once users pile up, put the limits heavy users hit (multiple accounts, unlimited sync, resumable scraping) behind VIP.
Time pressure: This isn't a window-type opportunity with a deadline. But the later you start, the harder it gets to catch up with the leader's version iterations and reputation.
Signs you've misjudged it: If the new listing climbs back toward 30K and 40K over the next few months, while followers like MeiXun Assistant also grow, the market is bigger than it looks and can fit a second player, so reassess. Conversely, if the new listing gets delisted again, or Xiaohongshu and Douyin fully tighten web-side interfaces, this path is basically closed.
Research notes: competitor table, acquisition evidence, full research report
- Competitors
Name Where Launched Scale How it differs from this one MediaCrawler Open source 2023-06 GitHub 70,343 star Requires writing code and running command lines; Social Assistant can be used by clicking after installing the plugin, aimed at operators who don't code Data SaaS like Chanmama / Xinhong / Qiangua Web Years Industry leaders, annual fees are high (not verified one by one) Cloud dashboard data, expensive; Social Assistant scrapes pages users can see locally, ¥29/mo, data goes into your own Feishu sheet Octoparse / ShadowBot RPA + Feishu setup Other Years Big General-purpose RPA, you build the workflows yourself; Social Assistant comes with pre-built scraping tasks for each social platform Ariadou - Douyin video scraping helper Chrome 2023-12 20k users / 168 rating Douyin only, leans toward downloading; no multi-platform, comment and creator scraping, or Feishu sync Douyin video downloader (simpdown) Chrome 2024-05 30k users Can only download videos Xiaodigua / Xiaohongshu / Xiaocaomei and other Xiaohongshu downloaders Chrome 2023–2024 5k–8k users Downloads images and video only, no structured data extraction MeiXun Assistant Chrome Not verified About 1K users Nearly identical features, but one order of magnitude smaller in scale, fewer iterations, pivoting to AI calls SocialShrimp MediaClaw Chrome 2026-03 1K users Focused on AI operations (viral post breakdowns, topic ideas), scraping is just one part KOLSprite / TTGET / T-FYP Scraper Chrome 2023–2025 470–100k users Only TikTok / Instagram, aimed at overseas; Social Assistant's core is domestic platforms and Feishu - Where users come from
- Verified GitHub open source + V2EX cold start: 2024-09-12 created social-media-copilot (1,395 stars / 229 forks); V2EX t/1094472 "Built a chrome extension as a side project... now open source"; an older entry has 2024-12 with 976 users
- Verified WeChat Official Accounts, Xiaohongshu posts, tool directory reposts: WeChat OA "Light Up Your Full-Stack Skill Tree" → reposted by Smzdm 2026-04-26; indexed by aisharenet / oaibest / chajianxw / softonic; Xiaohongshu "Social Assistant: Douyin & XHS data scraping tool" (36 likes), "0 Getting started! Social Assistant install + full scraping walkthrough"
- Verified Old users migrated to the new listing: the old listing had 40K users and was 2026-06 delisted 2026-08; the official download page and open-source edition descriptions both point to the new listing iecaf…; the new listing reached 10K in three months
- Inferred Store keyword search: the title is stuffed with keywords like "Douyin, Xiaohongshu data scraping tool"; no traffic data available
- Verified Third-party resale (Baidu ads): official "Third-party paid download notice": people sell installers for money via Baidu search ads and trading platforms
Social Media Assistant - Douyin & Xiaohongshu data scraping tool (Chrome, iecafjejbggeoldcjiehgoolokaebpdf)
Research date 2026-11-06. Data sources: chromestore database (item / item_snap / related), Chrome Web Store pages, Wayback Machine archives, official site socialext.com and old site smc.iszhouhua.com, GitHub API, crxsoso, TikHub Xiaohongshu search, Jina/Exa web search.
Bottom line
This isn't a product that took off in three months. It's an old plugin that has existed since 2024 September (author iszhouhua, company xisence) that got a new store listing. The old listing dbichmdlbjdeplpkhcejgkakobjbjalc already had 40K users by 2026-06 and disappeared from the store between 2026-06 and 08. The new listing went live on 2026-07-27, and the 10K users it gathered over three months are mostly old users migrating over, not new growth. It managed to run because of three things: open source plus free to build momentum; nearly weekly releases over two years and steadily more platforms (Xiaohongshu / Douyin / Kuaishou / TikTok / Bilibili / Xingtu / Pugongying); and the "Feishu multi-dimensional table sync" differentiator that domestic operators actually use. Revenue comes from VIP at ¥12–29/mo.
1. Data: the "3K in 10 months" figure I recalled is really migration
| Timeline | Item | users | Score | Version | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-09-12 | GitHub open-source repo created | – | – | v0.0.1 | GitHub API / changelog |
| 2024-12-03 | Old listing dbichmdl… | 976 | 8 | 0.0.5 | Wayback archive |
| 2024-12-24 | Old listing | 1,000 | 11 | 0.0.7 | Wayback |
| 2026-01-29 | Old listing | 20,000 | 66 (4.9 points) | 3.1.0 | Wayback |
| 2026-04-01 | Old listing | 30,000 | 97 (4.8 points) | 3.1.3 | Wayback |
| 2026-06-19 | Old listing | 40,000 | 119 | 3.3.2 | Wayback |
| 2026-07-22 | Official "enabling the new offline installer" | 3.4.1 | Changelog | ||
| 2026-07-27 | New entry iecaf… published | chromestore library published | |||
| 2026-08-24 | Opening the old entry now only shows the generic title "Chrome Web Store" (delisted) | – | – | – | Wayback |
| 2026-11-01→11-06 | New entry | 10,000 (unchanged) | 41 (unchanged), 5.0 ratings | 3.6.2 | chromestore library item_snap |
- The old entry isn't in the store sitemap we've been pulling since 11-01, and crxsoso shows it as 404, so it's confirmed delisted. The reason for delisting is unknown (Google policy enforcement or the author pulling it, unverified). The timeline (07-22 offline package released, 07-27 new entry listed) fits "old entry got into trouble, forced to switch listings."
- The same company has two more listings: "社媒助手 - 开源版" (ahlgeaindbdacjbpapjmdcdeandimhhn, about 570 users, crxsoso) and "社媒助手 - 抖音&星图版" (ioeedhhcolmfgoipplfgnadecnclinhf, developer email [email protected], about 132 users). Splitting into per-platform versions looks like a hedge against delisting risk (speculation).
- Store numbers understate real users. The official site itself says the Chrome store can't be reached from mainland China, so many users install via CRX/ZIP offline packages (the site has offline downloads and dedicated install guides). Those installs aren't counted in store user numbers.
- Growth curve: the old entry 2025 climbed from 1K across the year to 20K, with 2026 adding +10K each quarter in the first half. It's a steady climb, not a spike.
2. Competitors
| Competitors | Form | Launched | Scale | How it differs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MediaCrawler(NanmiCoder) | Open-source Python scrapers | 2023-06 | GitHub 70,343 star | Require coding and command line; 社媒助手 is a browser extension you click, aimed at operators who don't code |
| Social data SaaS tools such as Chanmama, Xinhong, Qiangua, and Feiguajiu | Web SaaS | Years | Industry leaders, annual fees from several thousand to tens of thousands of yuan (not checked one by one) | Cloud dashboards, expensive; 社媒助手 scrapes pages the user can already see, ¥29/month, data goes to the user's own Feishu sheet |
| Octoparse / ShadowBot RPA + Feishu setup | General RPA software | Years | Big | General-purpose, you build the workflow yourself; 社媒助手 offers preset collection tasks for social platforms |
| Ariadou - Douyin video scraping helper | Chrome | 2023-12 | 20k users / 168 rating | Douyin-only and download-focused; 社媒助手 covers multiple platforms, scrapes comments and creators, and syncs to Feishu |
| Douyin video downloader (simpdown) | Chrome | 2024-05 | 30k / 56 | Can only download videos, no data scraping |
| Xiaohongshu downloaders, like "Little Sweet Potato," "Little Red Potato," and "Little Strawberry" | Chrome | 2023–2024 | 5k–8k | Only download images and videos |
| 抖珍藏 | Chrome | 2021-12 | 10k / 74 | Backs up personal favorites, different use case |
| MeiXun Assistant | Chrome / Edge | Not verified | About 1,000 users | Feature list is nearly identical (creator / video / comment scraping + Feishu Bitable), but about an order of magnitude smaller, and it has pivoted to "Lobster" AI calls |
| SocialShrimp MediaClaw | Chrome | 2026-03 | 1,000 | Focused on AI operations (viral post breakdowns, topic ideas), scraping is just one part |
| RedArchive / DataMedia / 红探 / 灵感工厂 / 阿星 "Xiaohongshu to Feishu collector" | Chrome | 2025–2026 | Dozens to hundreds of users | Single-platform or small-team projects, few iterations |
| KOLSprite, TTGET, T-FYP Scraper (listed as "related extensions" by the store) | Chrome | 2023–2025 | 470–100k | TikTok / Instagram only, aimed at overseas; 社媒助手's core is domestic platforms |
Takeaway: this space is crowded, with lots of single-function downloaders. But among the Chrome extensions in our database, the one that does all four of the following is by far the largest (including the old entry's 40k): multiple platforms, scraping structured data like comments and creators, exporting to Excel or syncing to Feishu, and building creator-marketplace back-ends like 星图 and 蒲公英.
3. Where users came from (growth tactics)
- Open-source and developer community cold start (confirmed): 2024-09 open-sourced social-media-copilot on GitHub (now 1,395 stars, 229 forks), and at the end of 2024 posted on V2EX: "Built a Chrome extension as a side project... now open source" (v2ex.com/t/1094472). The 976 users in the earlier entry 2024-12 came from this wave.
- 公众号、小红书、AI 工具站自发转载(已确认,量小):公众号「点亮你的全栈技能树」写过教程,什么值得买 2026-04-26 转载了(post.smzdm.com/p/arz4z55q);aisharenet、oaibest、chajianxw、softonic 这类工具导航站都收录了。小红书上有「📱社媒助手:某音和XHS数据采集神器!」(半日仙,36 赞)、「0 基础上手!社媒助手安装+采集实操全流程」(辉叔2023)等笔记,赞数都在几十以内。赞助者留言里还有人说「我自媒体叫ai耿,帮你宣传一下」(socialext.com/reward)。
- Store search (speculation): titles are stuffed with keywords like "Douyin, Xiaohongshu, data scraping," which picks up searches from overseas and VPN users in the store.
- Existing users migrating (confirmed, the main source of the new entry's 10k): the 40k users from the old entry, plus the official download page and open-source description ("full-featured version: chromewebstore…/iecaf…") all point to the new entry.
- Third-party resale (confirmed, which shows demand): the official site has a dedicated "third-party paid download notice," saying people sell installers for this free extension through Baidu search ads and trading platforms.
- Paid ads: found no evidence of official ad spend. x-radar shows 0 posts in the last 90 days.
4. Why users stay and why they pay
- Free to use: basic features work without signing up. VIP is ¥12–15/month for a single platform and ¥29/month for all platforms (socialext.com/pricing), unlocking RPA mode, unlimited Feishu sync, resumable scraping, and multiple accounts. Early on, it tested willingness to pay with "sponsor ×5 for VIP days": 69 people, ¥2,169 total (as of 2025-07).
- Keeps fixing against platform anti-scraping: the changelog runs from v0.0.1 (2024-09) to v3.6.2 (2026-11-04), with 60 versions, mostly "fixed a Xiaohongshu / Douyin feature." When a platform redesigns, tools like this break, and continuous fixes are what keep users.
- Data lands in the user's own sheet: Feishu Bitable sync (v2.0,2025-08), a data-reporting API, and scheduled collection plans turn it from a downloader into a data pipeline for content and creator libraries. After v2.0, users grew from about 10k to 40k (timing correlates, causation unverified).
- Creator-marketplace back-ends: batch invitations and batch orders on 蒲公英 (Xiaohongshu sponsored content), and scraping the 星图 creator plaza, are scenarios brands and MCNs pay for.
5. Differentiation
- Compared with downloaders: it scrapes structured data (comments, creators, engagement) and can feed into Feishu sheets.
- Compared with data SaaS: runs locally, cheaper, uses the user's own account, and scrapes "pages you can see," with no reliance on a cloud account pool. The official site touts "no need to give the developer your account password or cookies" as a selling point.
- Compared with open-source scrapers: no coding needed, buttons embed directly in the web page.
- Two modes, API and RPA: when rate-limited, it can fall back to simulated clicks.
- Is this why it broke out? Partly, but read it together with time. Two years of continuous iteration and more platforms added are what kept it alive among many single-function downloaders, and the user count was built up steadily. Feishu sync is a need specific to domestic operators; overseas equivalents don't do it, and few domestic small plugins do it thoroughly.
6. Visibility and copycats
- Chatter in niche circles: sporadic tutorials and reposts in domestic operations and self-media circles, 0 posts on X, no media coverage, revenue not disclosed (only a sponsor list showing ¥2,169).
- Copycats: 媒讯助手 has a nearly identical feature list (about 1k in scale); some people resell installers via Baidu ads; a batch of small "Xiaohongshu / Douyin scraper to Feishu" plugins launched in the past 2026 years (阿星, 灵感工厂, RedArchive, DataMedia).
7. Takeaways
- Open-source v0 first, cold-start through GitHub and V2EX, then charge for the closed-source v1 later. The open-source version funnels users to the full version.
- Chose "data goes into a Feishu Bitable" as a localized output, which overseas equivalents generally don't offer.
- Prepared for delisting: offline CRX/ZIP installers, multiple listings (full-featured, per-platform, open-source) to spread the risk.
- Used "sponsor for VIP" to test willingness to pay before having a payment system.
8. Uncertain
- The reason the old entry was delisted (policy violation, reports, or the author migrating voluntarily) is unverified, and it's unknown whether the new one could be pulled too.
- Real user counts and paying-user numbers: no figures for offline installs or the Edge version; VIP revenue not disclosed.
- The original post and reply count couldn't be fetched (blocked by Cloudflare). V2EX
- Whether the new entry's 41 5.0 ratings were nudged by a review prompt wasn't checked.